Data collection

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Data collection

          Data collection is the process of gathering and measuring information on targeted variables in an established system, which then enables one to answer relevant questions and evaluate outcomes. Data collection is a research component in all study fields, including physical and social sciences, humanities, and business. While methods vary by discipline, the emphasis on ensuring accurate and honest collection remains the same. The goal for all data collection is to capture quality evidence that allows analysis to lead to the formulation of convincing and credible answers to the questions that have been posed. Data collection and validation consists of four steps when it involves taking a census and seven steps when it involves sampling. Regardless of the field of study or preference for defining data (quantitative or qualitative), accurate data collection is essential to maintain research integrity. The selection of appropriate data collection instruments (existing, modified, or newly developed) and delineated instructions for their correct use reduce the likelihood of errors.

          A formal data collection process is necessary as it ensures that the data gathered are both defined and accurate. This way, subsequent decisions based on arguments embodied in the findings are made using valid data. The process provides both a baseline from which to measure and in certain cases an indication of what to improve.

There are 5 common data collection methods:

·         closed-ended surveys and quizzes,

·         open-ended surveys and questionnaires,

·         1-on-1 interviews,

·         focus groups, and

·         direct observation.

Sources of Data Collection

          Normally we can gather data from two sources namely primary and secondary. Data gathered through perception or questionnaire review in a characteristic setting are illustrations of data obtained in an uncontrolled situation. Secondary data is the data acquired from optional sources like magazines, books, documents, journals, reports, the web and more. The chart below describes the flow of the sources of data collection.

Primary Sources:

          Primary data will be the data that you gather particularly with the end goal of your research venture. Leverage of Primary data is that it is particularly customized to your analysis needs. A drawback is that it is costly to get hold of. Primary data is otherwise called raw information; the information gathered from the first source in a controlled or an uncontrolled situation. Cases of a controlled domain are experimental studies where certain variables are being controlled by the analyst.

          The source of primary data is the populace test from which you gather the information. The initial phase in the process is deciding your target populace. For instance, if you are looking into the attractiveness of another washing machine, your target populace may be newly-weds.

          Clearly, it’s impracticable to gather information from everybody, so you will need to focus on the sample size and kind of sample. The specimen ought to be arbitrary and a stratified random sample is frequently sensible. In our washing machine illustration, sub populations may incorporate adolescent couples, moderately aged couples, old couples, and previously wedded couples.

Secondary sources:

          You can break the sources of secondary data into internal as well as external sources. Inner sources incorporate data that exists and is stored in your organization. External data refers to the data that is gathered by other individuals or associations from your association’s outer environment.

Examples of inner sources of data incorporate, but are not restricted only to, the following:

·         Statement of the profit and loss

·         Balance sheets

·         Sales figures

·         Inventory records

·         Previous marketing studies

If the secondary data you have gathered from internal sources is not sufficient, you can turn to outside sources of data collection, some outside sources of data collection includes. 

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