REFORMATION & COUNTER REFORMATION
REFORMATION
& COUNTER-REFORMATION
The English Reformation was a series of events in 16th century England by which the Church of England broke away from the authority of the Pope and
the Catholic Church.
FOR PERSONAL REASONS, Henry VIII (1491-1547) of England broke with the Church of Rome and established the Church of England,
with himself as to its secular head. He appointed an Archbishop of Canterbury as
its spiritual leader. England moved beyond permanent Catholic control, although
much of the Catholic liturgy and governance by bishops was adopted into the
tradition of the Anglican Church (Episcopal, in America).
These events were, in
part, associated with the wider process of the European Protestant Reformation, a religious
and political movement that affected the practise of Christianity across most of Europe during this period. Many factors
contributed to the process: the decline of feudalism and the rise of nationalism, the rise of the common law, the invention of the printing press and increased circulation of the Bible, the transmission of new
knowledge and ideas among scholars, the upper and middle classes and readers in
general. However, the various phases of the English Reformation, which also
covered Wales and Ireland,
were largely driven by changes in government policy, to which public opinion
gradually accommodated itself.
Counter-Reformation was, a 16th-century
reformation that arose largely in answer to the Protestant Reformation;
sometimes called the Catholic Reformation. Although the Roman Catholic
reformers shared the Protestants' revolution at the corrupt conditions in the
church. The Counter-Reformation was led by conservative forces whose aim was
both to reform the church and to secure its traditions. They also used to against the innovations of
Protestant theology and against the liberalizing effects of the Renaissance.
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