REINFORCEMENT

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REINFORCEMENT

·         Introduction

·         Definition of reinforcement

·         B.F Skinner theory

·         Type of Reinforcement

·         Differentiation of positive and negative reinforcement

·         What is presentation?

·         Presentation planning

·         Checklist while preparing for a presentation

·         Conclusion

 

INTRODUCTION:

“TO LETSOMEONE

TO MOTIVATE SOMEONE

TO STUDY THE KNOWLEDGE OFREINFORCEMENT”

-          P. ASHWINI

 

    The study of reinforcement has produced an enormous body of reproducible experimental results. Reinforcement is the central concept and procedure in special education, applied behavior analysis and experimental analysis and psychopharmacology models, particularly addiction, dependence and compulsion.

“It indicates a change in behaviour “

 

DEFINITION OF REINFORCEMENT:

           Reinforcement means letting someone know how well they are doing. Term used in operant conditioning. Anything that increases the likelihood of response to occur again. Stimulus increases the probability of response occur again and again.

Ex: If we give reward to someone for his work he perform that again to get reward.

B.F.SKINNER THEORY:

          B.F. Skinner was one of the greatest behavioural psychologists. He was renowned for his work with positive and negative reinforcement and conditioned responses. The theory of B.F. Skinner is based upon the idea that “learning is a function of change in overt behaviour”.

TYPE OF REINFORCEMENT:

1.      Positive Reinforcement

2.      Negative Reinforcement

 

DIFFERENTIATION OF POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE REINFORCEMENT:

       Positive reinforcement is when they are appreciated for their presentation. Skinner for example was rewarded with attentive students when he spoke on the right hand side of the lecture. People learn better if they receive some sort of reward. Their interest and motivation is increased and might feel happy and successful. Negative reinforcement is punishing the inappropriate behavior. Skinner also received negative reinforcement when he presented from the left hand side of the lecture hall and the students pretended to loose interest. The children misbehave in order to gain the attention of the elders.

 

WHAT IS PRESENTATION ?

            Presentation skills basically refer to the ability to communicate in an effective way whether in small or large groups. The process involves explaining and showing the content to an audience.

PRESENTATION PLANNING:

              Presentation planning is essential because it enables the presenter to visualize or think through the presentation before it is presented. The following aspects are to be considered:

·         Motivating force, audience activity, when to question, how to use aids effectively, time allocation, whether all information are included.

·         Anticipate the difficulties he is to encounter.

·         Organize the aids.

·         To gain confidence .

CHECKLIST WHILE PREPARING FOR A PRESENTATION:

·         Opening: state the theme and general message.

·         Motivate and identify with audience. Tell them why they should listen.

·         Give agenda.

·         Present basic ideas.

·         Break each into segments.

·         Break into sub segments.

·         Recap into segments.

·         Recall the highlight points.

·         Conclusion and recommendations.

·         Questions and discussions.

CONCLUSION:

    Presenter must know his audience. He must understand that his audience are individuals and must be flexible in his presentation. His intentions and objectives could be the same but audience need a slight variation on the presentation.

“If you can’t explain it simply, you don’t understand it well enough”

                        -Albert Einstein   

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