LIFE AND LITERATURE

                                                               STUDYING CLIMATE CHANGE                                                                                                 -   DAVID ADAM INTRODUCTION TO THE AUTHOR :                 David Adam was a British Anglican priest and writer. Adam was born in Alnwick, Northumberland. When he left school at 15, he went to work underground in the coal mines for three years before training for ordained ministry at Kelham Theological College.                  Dr David Adam is a writer and editor at Nature, the world's leading scientific journal. Before that he was a specialist correspondent for the Guardian for seven years, writing on science, medicine and the environment. He was named feature writer of the year by the Association of British Science Writers, and reported from Antarctica, the Arctic, China and the depths of the Amazon jungle. GLOBAL WARMING :                  Today scientists do research to find out whethe

                            PRIDE AND PREJUDICE                                                                  JANE AUSTEN  INTRODUCTION:   “It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of   a good fortune must be in want of a wife.”                            The play ‘Pride and Prejudice’ was written by the famous English novelist “Jane Austen”.  She was born on 16 th December 1775 Hampshire in England. She began her writing at the age of fourteen and her first novel is “First Impression “which was later altered as ‘Pride and Prejudice’. She wrote six novels in all and they are the most precious books in English Literature.  They are Sense and Sensibility Pride and Prejudice Mansfield Park Northanger Abbey Emma Persuasion.                           This novel explained familial relationships and marriages. THE BENNET FAMILY: “Happily ever after”           The Bennet family at Longbourn consisted of Mr. and Mrs.Bennet and their five dau

                    HARRY POTTER AND THE CHAMBER OF SECRETS         - -J.K ROWLING INTRODUCTION                                        Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets is a young fantasy novel by J.K. Rowling, the second in the Harry Potter series. The story follows Harry’s tumultuous second year at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry, including an encounter with Voldemort, the wizard who killed Harry’s parents. Against this fantastic backdrop, Rowling examines such themes as death, fame, friendship, choice, and prejudice. Upon release, the novel became a worldwide bestseller and won several awards, including Children’s Book of the Year at the British Book Awards and the Nestlé Smarties Book Award; it was subsequently adapted into a 2002 film directed by Chris Columbus. Citations in this guide correspond with the 2018 Scholastic Inc. edition.   HARRY’S PARENTS:        In the summer of 1992, 12-year-old wizard Harry Po

  THE WAR OF AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE              The American Revolution began in Massachusetts at Lexington and Concord on 19 Apr 1775. On 3 Sep 1783, 8 years later it officially ended. Although the war took 8 years to end, the fighting was not one constant continuous effort without any major battle being fought after 1781 (Revolutionary War, 1996). The war was victorious with 13 British colonies in North America winning their freedom and becoming what is now known as the United States. In 1770 the Boston Massacre occurred. It was a direct result of Parliament, being compelled by British store owners who were losing their colonial trades (Agresto, 1979). This was an effort to try to soothe the colonists by repelling the Townshend Acts. The Townshend Acts came into existence in 1767 and was created by Charles Townshend. The act was passed by English Parliament. It was put into place to collect taxes from American Colonists by adding import customs to items such as paint, glass, lead

 The Lexical Approach           The lexical approach is a method of teaching foreign languages described by Michael Lewis in the early 1990s. The basic concept on which this approach rests is the idea that an important part of learning a language consists of being able to understand and produce lexical phrases as chunks. Students are taught to be able to perceive patterns of language (grammar) as well as have meaningful set uses of words at their disposal when they are taught in this way. In 2000, Norbert Schmitt, an American linguist and a Professor of Applied Linguistics at the University of Nottingham in the United Kingdom, contributed to a learning theory supporting the lexical approach he stated that “the mind stores and processes these [lexical] chunks as individual wholes.” The short-term capacity of the brain is much more limited than long-term and so it is much more efficient for our brain to pull up a lexical chunk as if it were one piece of information as opposed to pulling

                                                 TRANSCRIPTION PRACTICE  TRANSCRIPTION  • Phonetic transcription (also known as phonetic script or phonetic notation) is the visual representation of speech sounds (or phones) by means of symbols.  • Phonetic transcriptions are usually written in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA), in which each English sound has its own symbol. For example, the IPA-based phonetic transcription of the word HOME is ho ʊm, and the transcription of COME is kʌm. Note that in spelling, these words are similar. NEED FOR PHONETIC TRANSCRIPTION  • A serious criticism of English by those attempting to learn and master this language is the chaotic character of its spelling, and the frequent lack of Consider the following examples:  1.The vowel sound [ iː ] as in the words shown below is represented by different spelling: he, see, leave, believe, receive  2.Conversely, one symbol represents several sounds: give, gin, fat, fate, father. Or take gh: ghost, ro