LIFE AND LITERATURE

  THE FAMILY REUNION                                                                                - T.S ELIOT Introduction:                 Thomas Stearns Eliot was a poet, essayist, publisher, playwright, literary critic and editor. Considered one of the 20th century's major poets, he is a central figure in English-language Modernist poetry. He was born in St. Louis, Missouri, September 26, 1888. He lived in St. Louis during the first eighteen years of his life and attended Harvard University in London that Eliot came under the influence of his contemporary Ezra Pound, who recognized his poetic genius at once, and assisted in the publication of his work in a number of magazines, most notably "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock" in Poetry in 1915 Eliot also made significant contributions to the field of literary criticism, and strongly the school of New Criticism. He was somewhat self-deprecating and minimising of his work and once said his criticism was merely a "

                                                        ENGLISH FOR COMMUNICATION   INTRODUCTION        Communication is passing a message from one person to another. The modern age is an age of electronic communication. Human communication differs from animals. Human speech organs play a vital role in meaningful articulation. Man uses language as a signal system to express his ideas, emotions and experience to others. But effective communication is indispensable for teachers, lawyers, leaders and students.  MEANING OF COMMUNICATION AND ITS USES        Communication is derived from the Latin words “Communis” and “Communicate”. It refers to sharing of information, ideas and messages from sender to receiver. It refers to meaningful utterance. Sometimes human Communication is affected by emotions and feelings. It binds mankind together in the history of human civilization. It helps to pass over one’s country’s traditional, cultural and spiritual values from one generation to another gener

                                                    TEACHING THE FOUR SKILLS   INTRODUCTION:    The aim of teaching English to students is to help them to use it whenever they need it. In order to use English the learner has to listen and understand and should speak with clarity. He must be able to read a passage and understand it and should write with a purpose. In all these activities he makes use of the language skills listening, speaking, reading, writing. So the teacher should teach these skills in the class so that the learner may develop these skills and use English whenever he needs it.  LANGUAGE SKILLS:       Language is a tool of communication and it is used for both receiving and sending messages or information. Communication can be oral or written. Oral communication involves the listening skills and written communication involves reading and writing. Reading and listening are receptive skills and speaking and writing are productive skills. Three a successful communication

                                                                           SEMANTICS      Semantics is the study of meaning in language. We know that language is used to express meanings which can be understood by others. But meanings exist in our minds and we can express what is in our minds through the spoken and written forms of language (as well as through gestures, action etc.).The sound patterns of language are studied at the level of phonology and the organisation of words and sentences is studied at the level of morphology and syntax. These are in turn organised in such a way that we can convey meaningful messages or receive and understand messages.‘How is language organised in order to be meaningful?’ This is the question we ask and attempt to answer at the level of semantics. Semantics is that level of linguistic analysis where meaning is analysed. It is the most abstract level of linguistic analysis since we cannot see or observe meaning as we can observe and record sounds.

                                                       METHODS OF EVALUATION INTRODUCTION :        Testing and Evaluation are important concepts in English language teaching. Teaching creates opportunities for learning and testing creates opportunities for assessing what has been learnt. Without this the teaching practice cannot proceed. So, testing is the touch stone for the teaching and learning processes. Evaluation is a large scale process like evaluating syllabuses, textbooks, programme etc. Testing, a part of evaluation is a smalls Scale process like testing the learners' specific skill like reading, writing etc. Evaluation can be either  which takes place at the end of the course or formative which is used in course assessment. If teaching and learning are to go on efficiently, the achievements of students should be devoted to the assessment of the progress made by the students. In this connection, evaluation in any scheme of teaching become important.  MEANING OF EVALUATION