LIFE AND LITERATURE

 H.G WELLS      H.G. Wells (1866-1946) was one of the most prolific, popular, and varied writers of the early twentieth century. His numerous works crossed genres, from science fiction to socialist treatises, from Edwardian satire to sweeping histories, from short stories to Utopian novels. He loomed large in the popular and critical imagination of the time, producing many bestsellers, serving as a target for Virginia Woolf in her 1924 essay “Mr. Bennett and Mrs. Brown”, and establishing (and destroying) numerous relationships with key modernist figures like Dorothy Richardson, Rebecca West, George Bernard Shaw, and Henry James. Straddling different genres and eras, Wells remains a complicated and disputed figure.      Born in Kent on September 21, 1866 to a lower-middle-class family, Herbert George Wells led a bookish but unhappy childhood. After shortly attending Thomas Morley’s Commercial Academy, Wells was forced to go to work as an apprentice draper in 1881 after his father, a pro

  ADDISON AND STEELE The English essayist and politician Joseph Addison (1672-1719) founded the "Spectator" periodical with Sir Richard Steele. Joseph Addison was born on May 1, 1672, the son of the rector of Milston, Wiltshire. He was educated at the Charterhouse, an important boarding school, and then at Oxford, where he received a bachelor's degree in 1691. Addison used poetry to further his political ambitions; his earliest poems include flattering references to influential men. In 1699 Addison was rewarded with a grant of money which allowed him to make the grand tour, a series of visits to the main European capitals, which was a standard part of the education of the 18th-century gentleman. One record of his travels is his long poem Letter from Italy. In 1703 Addison returned to England to find that the Whigs, the party with which he had allied himself, were out of power. But his poem on the Battle of Blenheim won him an appointment as commissioner of appeal in e

                                                            HUMAN RIGHTS   Meaning of Human Rights;      Human Rights refer to the "Basic Rights and freedoms to which all humans are entitled. Human rights include civil and political rights, such as the right to life and freedom of expression, equality before the law, then social, cultural and economic rights including the right to participate in culture, the right to food, and the right to work, and right to education.  In India, the protection of Human Rights act 1993 defines the Human rights of the individual guaranteed by the Indian Constitution as embodied in the Fundamental Rights. Definition of Human Rights:       Various definitions of human rights have been offered by different scholars, they are:  "A right is a claim recognized by society and enforced by the state".  "Any particular right which we have is a capacity of enjoying some particular status or employing some particular power of action, which has b

                                    HUMAN RIGHTS REDRESSAL MECHANISM      The effectiveness of any legal system is determined by its ability to "enforce" the laws and norms that emerge from it. The law related to intimate human rights is no different. However, the manner in which international human rights treaties are enforced is different from the manner in which doses be laws are enforced. For international treaties, countries come together and agree to abide by the terms, conditions, and responsibilities that they have agreed to by consensus.       There is no international police force to monitor countries' compliances with the obligations they have accepted under various Imam rights treaties. Besides the International Criminal Court, which deals with very specific crimes, and the International Court of Justice (OC), which deals only with disputes between states, there is no other international court where individuals may pursue perpetrators for violations of human

                                                               APPLIED LINGUISTICS        Applied linguistics generally incorporates or includes several identifiable subfields: for example, corpus linguistics, forensic linguistics, language testing, language policy and planning, lexicography, second language acquisition, second language writing, and translation and interpretation. Major branches of applied linguistics include bilingualism and multilingualism, conversation analysis, contrastive linguistics, language assessment, literacies, discourse analysis, language pedagogy, second language acquisition, language planning and policy, interlinguistics, stylistics, language teacher education, ...  STYLISTS AND DISCOURSE ANALYSIS       Discourse and Stylistics are linguistic disciplines that analyze text in an attempt to establish principles in explaining the particular choices made by individuals and social groups in their use of language (Ahmad 2) which, by extension, produces and rep

                                                                      A FAREWELL TO ARMS                                                                                             -ERNEST HEMINGWAY  Summary       Lieutenant Frederic Henry is a young American ambulance driver serving in the Italian army during World War I. At the beginning of the novel, the war is winding down with the onset of winter, and Henry arranges to tour Italy. The following spring, upon his return to the front, Henry meets Catherine Barkley, an English nurse’s aide at the nearby British hospital and the love interest of his friend Rinaldi. Rinaldi, however, quickly fades from the picture as Catherine and Henry become involved in an elaborate game of seduction.       Grieving the recent death of her fiancé, Catherine longs for love so deeply that she will settle for the illusion of it. Her passion, even though pretended, wakens a desire for emotional interaction in Henry, whom the war has left coolly detached a

                                                        CLASSIFICATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS                    Right to Liberty: `         The right to liberty can be traced back to the English Magna Charta (1215) and the United States Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen (1789). Even though the Magna Charta only guaranteed rights to a limited group of people, namely feudal noblemen, it nevertheless required that arrest or detention be lawful, and protected the individual against the excesses of his/her ruler. Protection against arbitrary arrest and detention as one of the main dimensions of the right to the liberty of the person was further established in the 17th century Bill of Rights (1689) and Habeas Corpus Acts (1640, 1679). The right was further developed and its scope of application widened after the French Revolution, in the French Declaration of Rights (1789) where the right to liberty was guaranteed to all nationals in the constitutions of national states. The right to

                                              THE SOUTH SEA HOUSE                                                                             -CHARLES LAMB  Summary        Elia opens by addressing the reader, asking if on her way from the bank to the "Flower Pot," she ever noticed a magnificent but decrepit old building with a brick and stone edifice. This, says Ellia, is a former house of trade, and he describes its decorations elaborately, with stately porticos and a map of Panama. This building was the South-Sea House, home of a historic and infamous bubble. Elia explains that he worked there 40 years ago.       He talks of dust and decay that has settled on the building since that time, not just literally, but also figuratively, as the South-Sea Bank now enjoys a legacy of perpetrating a fantastic hoax. He reflects on the early days of the prosperity that England now enjoys, which grew from this bank as well as his other job at the India House. The building is not just a